Hospital weight loss diets
Conclusions Reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize. Poor appetite can be a direct symptom of an illness, or an illness could make eating painful or induce nausea. Participants had to be 30 to 70 years of age and have a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 to 40. Eating restrictions may also be imposed as part of treatment or investigations. Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming. About one-third of unintentional weight loss cases are secondary to malignancy. Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. The participants were offered group and individual instructional sessions for 2 years. ) Full Text of Discussion. Patients who have uremia often have poor or absent appetite, vomiting and nausea. The diets improved lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels. The primary outcome was the change in body weight after 2 years in two-by-two factorial comparisons of low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein and in the comparison of highest and lowest carbohydrate content. Figure 2 Mean Changes in Body Weight and Waist Circumference at Various Time Points. Abstract Background The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. The crucial question is whether overweight people have a better response in the long term to diets that emphasize a specific macronutrient composition. Cardiovascular disease, especially congestive heart failure, may cause unexplained weight loss. Cancer, a very common and sometimes fatal cause of unexplained ( idiopathic ) weight loss.
The diets consisted of similar foods and met guidelines for cardiovascular health. (ClinicalTrials. Fungal illnesses, endocarditis, many parasitic diseases, AIDS, and some other subacute or occult infections may cause weight loss. Weight loss issues related to specific diseases include. Media in This Article Poll Results Contributors Figure 1 Mean Change in Body Weight and Waist Circumference from Baseline to 2 Years According to Dietary Macronutrient Content. Participants Our goal was to recruit 800 overweight and obese subjects (400 at each site), of whom about 40% would be men. This can result from conditions that affect the digestive system. gov number, NCT00072995. Thus, we recognized the need for a large trial that would be designed to overcome the limitations of previous trials and that would compare the effects of three principal dietary macronutrients. Changes to metabolic demands can be caused by illness, surgery and organ dysfunction. Lack of food can result from: poverty, difficulty in shopping or cooking, and poor quality meals. Losses from the gastrointestinal can occur because of symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, as well as fistulae and stomas. Inability to eat can result from: diminished consciousness or confusion, or physical problems affecting the arm or hands, swallowing or chewing. Cancers to suspect in patients with unexplained weight loss include gastrointestinal, prostate, hepatobilary ( hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer ), ovarian, hematologic or lung malignancies. There can also be losses from drains, including nasogastric tubes. The project staff of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute also participated in the development of the protocol, monitoring of progress, interpretation of results, and critical review of the manuscript. Other losses: Conditions such as burns can be associated with losses such as skin exudates.
